A Short History of Brazil by Gordon Kerr

Author:Gordon Kerr [Kerr, Gordon]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781843441977
Publisher: Pocket Essentials
Published: 2014-03-11T14:00:00+00:00

6

The Vargas Era

1930 to 1954

Population and Industry in the Nineteen-Thirties

Between 1920 and 1940, Brazil’s population increased by slightly more than 25 per cent, from 30,600,000 to 41,100,000. It was a youthful population, too, 54 per cent being under the age of twenty. Foreign immigration fell between 1920 and 1940 as a result of both the Depression and a 1934 Constitution that limited the number of immigrants. There had also been internal movement. Following the collapse of the rubber market in 1910, around 14 per cent of the population of the North moved out. Meanwhile, the South and Centre-South enjoyed a population growth of 11.7 per cent as a result of such internal movement.

Around 1930, the coffee industry entered a crisis and coffee’s role in agriculture seriously declined with cotton becoming increasingly important both for export and for domestic use. In the late 1920s, coffee represented 71 per cent of Brazilian exports; by 1939, it had fallen to 41.7 per cent while cotton rose from 2.1 per cent to 18.6 per cent. Industry was on the rise. In 1920, agriculture was responsible for 79 per cent of the gross national product, but by 1920 this figure had declined to 57 per cent. Industry grew rapidly between 1933 and 1939, even though the government contributed little to this growth. Unfortunately, the upheaval caused to trade by the Second World War put paid to Brazil’s industrial momentum.

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